Elizabeth Adela Forbes (née Armstrong) NEAC RE RI  (29 December 1859 – 16 March 1912) was a Canadian painter who was primarily active in the UK. She was elected to the New English Art Club in 1886.

Forbes often featured children in her paintings and ‘School Is Out’ (painted in Newlyn) is one of her most popular works. She was friends with the artists James Abbott McNeill Whistler and Walter Sickert, both of whom influenced her work. Her etchings, in particular, are said to show the influence of Whistler.

 

After studying and working in continental Europe, Forbes settled in Newlyn, England, where she raised her son and established a school with her husband, Stanhope Forbes. She had her works exhibited in notable shows and won medals for her works. Her paintings are in collections of museums in Canada, the United States and England.

 

Personal life

Born 29 December 1859 in Kingston, Canada West, she was the youngest child of William Armstrong, an employee of the government of the United Province of Canada. Born in her father's old age, she was educated privately in Canada and then allowed to further her artistic studies in England with her mother as her chaperone. Her father died two months later, after which she and her mother lived with an uncle in Chelsea, London. They lived next door to Dante Gabriel Rossetti, but she never met him.


In 1889, she married Newlyn School painter Stanhope Forbes RA NEAC. Their son, Alec, was born in 1893. In 1904, she and her husband settled at Higher Faugan, a house which they designed and had built for themselves.


In 1909, she pursued cures and restorative periods for cancer in France and London but died in 1912. In an obituary, she was dubbed "the Queen of Newlyn" for her contributions to the art colony.


Education

As a young girl, she travelled with her mother to England and studied at the South Kensington Art School (now the Royal College of Art). From 1877 to 1880 she studied at the Art Student's League of New York with William Merritt Chase, who recommended that she next study in Munich. Following his advice, Armstrong went to Germany and studied with J. Frank Currier and Frank Duveneck in the early 1880s.

 

Career

In 1882, she explored plein-air painting at the artists' colony at Pont-Aven in Brittany. She also taught etching there. While in Brittany, she sent paintings to London for sale at the Royal Institute and all of the items that she sent were sold on the opening day of the show. The following year she was in London where she worked as a printmaker and joined the Society of Painter Etchers. In the summer of 1884, she studied near Haarlem in Zandvoort in the Netherlands with William Merritt Chase.


She worked in oil, watercolour and pastels and made etchings of children, landscapes and fishing scenes. Her works were exhibited in London at the Royal Institute of Painters in Water Colours and the Royal Academy. Some of her etchings, influenced by James Abbott McNeill Whistler and Walter Sickert, were collected by her Pont-Aven mentor, Mortimer Menpes.

 

Cornwall and the Newlyn Art School

In the autumn of 1885, Armstrong and her mother moved to Newlyn, Cornwall. She established a studio in Newlyn, sharing the building with a fisherman who stored and repaired nets in the space. She won a medal at the Paris International Exhibition in 1891 and a gold medal for an oil painting at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago in 1893. Between 1893 and 1899 she participated in more than 63 exhibitions in London.

 

After Newlyn, Armstrong lived in St. Ives, where she met Stanhope Forbes, whom she married in 1889. Going against societal roles for married women, Elizabeth Forbes continued to be an active and successful artist after marriage.


Further, in 1899, she and her husband Stanhope Forbes opened the Newlyn Art School. They were also instrumental in the creation and ongoing success of the new Passmore Edwards Art Gallery at Newlyn, also known as the Newlyn Art Gallery. Her works of art, many of them of children, including her son Alec, were influenced by French realism. She was a successful artist, more so than some of her male counterparts, and had a national reputation, most commonly associated with the Newlyn School or Forbes School.


The ‘Newlyners’ gained popular approval because their subject matter fell into the traditional and still vital categories of Victorian genre painting. They also depicted the positive and nostalgic image of provincial life and the moral values their urban audience desired. Exterior scenes incorporating recognisable sites and local, non-professional models distinguished Newlyn work.


Exhibitions

Forbes held an exhibition called ‘Children and Child Lore’ in London at the Fine Art Society in 1900. The main character based upon her friend Thomas Cooper Gotch, Forbes wrote and illustrated ‘King Arthur's Wood’, a children's book for her son that was published in 1904. She founded The Paper Chase, edited by her friend F. Tennyson Jesse in 1908 and wrote poetry. In 1910, at the Royal British Colonial Society of Artists Exhibition, Forbes won the merit award.


Following her death, her works were shown from 1990 to 1991 in an exhibition ‘Four Centuries of Women’s Art: The National Museum of Women in the Arts’ and a retrospective of her works held at the Penlee House Gallery and Museum in 2000 entitled ‘Singing from the Walls: The Life and Work of Elizabeth Forbes’.


Her works are exhibited at the National Gallery of Canada, the National Museum of Women in the Arts in Washington, D.C., the Royal Cornwall Museum, Penlee House, the Victoria and Albert Museum, the West Cornwall Art Archive and in museums in Liverpool, London and Manchester.

 

Further RESOUrCES

  • View a selection of Elizabeth Forbes paintings on the ArtUK website.
  • Read a letter from Stanhope Forbes to Elizabeth Armstrong, addressed Newlyn, on the Tate website.

 

This is an edited version of the Wikipedia entry for Elizabeth Forbes. Header image 'Here We Come Gathering Nuts in May' by Elizabeth Forbes (photo credit: Christie’s)